The Cardiovascular System
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What 3 things does the cardiovascular system consist of?
The heart The blood vessels The blood
What’s the function of the heart?
It is made up of cardiac muscle and pumps blood around the body
What is the 4 things blood is made up of?
White blood cells Platelets Red blood cells Plasma
What is the function of blood vessels?
Responsible for transporting blood around the body
What does white blood cells do?
Fight disease
What do platelets help do?
They help blood clot
What does red blood cells Carry?
Oxygen
What does the plasma carry?
Ions and nutrients
What direction does arteries carry blood?
Away from the heart
What do arteries subdivide into?
They subdivide into arterioles which eventually divide into capillaries
In what part of the vessel does blood flow?
In the lumen
What direction does the blood flow go in veins?
Return blood to the heart
What does veins subdivide into?
Venules Which then divide into capillaries
What does valves do?
Prevent back flow (in veins)
Why is capillaries involved in diffusion?
They have a short diffusion pathway, wall is only one cell thick
What gets diffused in capillaries?
Oxygen and nutrients and also waste products such as urea (excess protein) and carbon dioxide
Order of the blood vessel network
Heart Artery Arteriole Capillary Venule Vein Heart
Explain the structure of an artery
Thick wall with fibrous tissue Thick middle layer with muscle and elastic fibre Has a narrow lumen and endothelium Round shape Have a high blood pressure in pulses
Structure of a vein
Thin wall outer layer of fibrous tissue Thin middle layer with some muscle and very elastic tissue Inner endothelium layer Large lumen Valves at intervals Low blood pressure Less regular shape
Structure of a cappilary
Miscroscopic vessels One cell thick walls Reduction in pressure across the network
Why do we need a circulatory system?
To transport materials to and from the respiring tissue
What is a double circulatory system?
The blood goes through the heart twice for every full circuit of the body
What are the two systems blood gets pumped around?
The pulmonary system The systemic system
Where does the pulmonary system pump blood from and to?
From the right side of the heart and to the lungs.. pumped at a low pressure so it travels through the heart slow to allow more diffusion time