General info on chromosomes and mitosis
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name of long arm on a chromosome
q
what is the nucleoid
central region without a membrane where DNA is stored in prokaryote (only eukaryotes have a nucleus)
where is the centromere
at the middle of chromosome, links all 4 legs together
define a chromosome
highly organized and compacted chromatin
what is the haploid number
number of different chromosomes
tip of the chromosome
telomere
how many chromatids are in a single straded chromosome
0; chromatids are only in ds chromosomes
definition and examples of ploidy levels
number of homologous chromosomes ex; haploid (n) diploid (n)
name of short arm on a chromosome
p
what is the genome
all the genes of a cell
steps in cell cycle
interphase = G1, S, G2 mitotic phase (mitosis)
what are homologous chromosomes
same size, same shape, same genes
steps of mitosis
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
what is translocation
there is an extra piece of chromosome
what happens in G2
preparation for mitosis, growth (right after DNA replication)
what is cytokinesis
division of cytoplasm (starts in early anaphase and ends after telophase)
what does g stand for in G1 and G2
growth or gap
how are anomalies notated
2n + 1 (trisomy), this is a 2n organism with 1 extra chromosome
when does cytokinesis occur in animal cells
is starts at anaphase and ends after telophase
How does mitosis work for prokaryotes?
there is no mitosis, it is binary fission
What happens in G1?
cell growth, size increase, gene expansion (protein synthesis)
functions of cell division
growth: formation of new cells repair: new cells replace old damaged cells asexual reproduction aging because limited divisions are possible
what is the nucleolus
round body in nucleus that makes ribosomes
what is the period with most cell activity
G1