W5- L1- Seed rate for cereal crops
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what is the aim for seed rate for cereal crops
the aim is to achieve an ideal population of plants-which will lead to an optimum number of ears at harvest time
what is the plant population determined by? (4)
• seed vigour and germination% • time of sowing, seedbed condition, sowing • pests and diseases -seed disease / pest feeding • climate and weather -winterkill etc.
Factors affecting Seeding Rate (4)
• Desired final plant population • usually expressed as plants/m • Expected field losses • Time of sowing • Soil conditions • Bird damage / pest damage • Seed quality • % germination • Seed borne diseases • Seed dressing ‘dressed seed’ • Number of seeds/m 2 • Seed size (1000 seed (grain) weight
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what does larger seed size mean
higher seeding rate
Actual seeding rate - Sowing density Rate( Seeds/m2) - Seed Size (wt)1000 seed wt (g) - Seeding kg/ha
• Sowing density Rate( Seeds/m2): 200 • Seed Size (wt)1000 seed wt (g) : 50 • Seeding kg/ha: 100
Actual seeding rate - Sowing density Rate( Seeds/m2) - Seed Size (wt)1000 seed wt (g) - Seeding kg/ha
• Sowing density Rate( Seeds/m2): 400 • Seed Size (wt)1000 seed wt (g) : 60 • Seeding kg/ha: 240
what is the aver plant stand
80-100 plants/m2
what % of expected yield can an average plant stand of 80-100 plants/m2 can give
90-95%
what does low plant populations usually result from
factors which are not uniform in nature
what are the factors which are not uniform in nature because of low plant population
• pest damage : slugs / leatherjackets • bird damage : crows on ‘winter’ sowings • wet and cold seedbeds after sowing which affect more waterlogged field areas
what is the - seeds/m2 - plants/m2 - ears/m2 for early sowing - higher temp/better seedbed
• seeds/m2: 200 • plants/m2: 150 • ears/m2: 500
what is the - seeds/m2 - plants/m2 - ears/m2 for later sowing - lower temp- poorer seedbed
• seeds/m2 - 400 • plants/m2 - 240 • ears/m2 - 500
3 Yield Components in Cereal Crops
Ears/m 2 x Grains/ear x Grain Weight (mean 1,000 grains)
what sowing dates are important in producing spring malting barley with lower grain protein/nitrogen %
March sowing dates
are high seed rates of any use in further reducing protein/n%
Higher seed rates >350 seeds/m² appear to be of little use in further reducing Grain Protein / Grain N% across the environments in this study
What’s the optimum seed/m2 for grain yield and quality
350 seeds/m² optimum for grain yield and quality