WEEK 1 - Seizure and Epilepsy
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Define ‘seizure’
an abrupt and transient episode of abnormal (excessive & synchronous, “paroxysmal”) cortical neuron activity resulting in disordered brain activity and corresponding clinical manifestations
What is are the two types of provoked seizure?
primary central nervous system (CNS) insults: - cerebral lesions, encephalopathy, bacterial or viral infections, head trauma, haemorrhage/stroke, perinatal trauma systemic metabolic conditions and biochemical disorders: - electrolyte imbalances (Na+), hypo/hyperglycaemia, hypoxia, uraemia, alcohol withdrawal, prescription medications, illicit drugs, caffeine, fever
What is the pathophysiology of a provoked seizure
abnormal neuronal firing caused by changes in membrane permeability to ions
What is an unprovoked seizure?
thought to be the result of the complex genetic mutations with environmental effects
What is the identifiable epileptogenic focus of an unprovoked seizure?
The identifiable epileptogenic focus is mores sensitive to environmental conditions and cortical excitation can spread
What does pathophysiology of a provoked seizure
Leading to abnormalities to neuronal physiology caused by changes in membrane permeability to ions
What is the traditional definition of epilepsy?
2 or more recurrent unprovoked seizures OR a single seizure with an abnormal EEG, CT/MRI findings
What are periods between seizure like?
Period between seizures vary widely, but characteristically seizures reoccur