L2: Origins of The Earth
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what is the age of the Earths relative to the age of the Universe?
1/3rd
when was Earth formed?
4.54 Ba
how was Earth formed?
by accretion from solar nebula
how was the early atmosphere formed?
from volcanic outgassing
why was the emergence of life inhibited during the early atmosphere?
atmosphere only contained trace amounts of oxygen
what even resulted in the formation of the Moon?
collision with Theia (planet-sized body)
when was the Moon formed?
5.25Ba
what does the notation Ba stand for?
billions of anum
when was the big bang?
13.7Ba
when was the first photosynthesis?
3.25Ba
what was the Hadean Earth?
period of Earth’s earliest history, characterized by a hellish environment of extreme heat, volcanic activity and meteorite impacts
what was the Hadean eon?
time before fossil record of life on Earth
what were the Archean and Proterozoic eons?
earliest evidence for origins of life on Earth and evolution of early life
what was the Phanerozoic eons?
evolution of multicellular organisms
what are the 3 subdivisions of the Phanerozoic eon?
Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic
what eon was the Metazoan explosion during?
phanerozoic
what was the Metazoan explosion?
period of rapid diversification of animal life
what is the Metazoan explosion also known as?
the Cambrian explosion
what is Abiogenesis?
the natural process by which life arises from non-living matter
what are the 4 key chemicals life is based on?
lipids (fatty cell walls), carbohydrates (sugars, cellulose), amino acids (protein metabolism), and nucleic acids (self-replicating DNA and RNA)
what were the first forms of life on Earth?
prokaryotes e.g. bacteria
what are prokaryotes?
single-celled organisms
what are eukaryotes?
multicellular organisms