Biology - Enzymes
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Define enzymes
Enzymes are BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
What is a biological catalyst in enzymes?
The speeding up of chemical reactions in living organisms.
Define substrate?
Is a molecule that gets changed in a chemical reaction.
What does every enzyme have?
An active site
What is the function of the active site in an enzyme?
Where it joins on to its SUBSTRATE to CATALYSE the reaction.
Enzymes are SUBSTRATE specific? True or False.
True. They only work with ONE substrate.
Explain why enzymes are substrate specific?
The substrate has to fit into the active site for the enzyme to work.
If the substrates shape doesn’t match the active sites shape, the reaction won’t be catalysed. True or False?
True. (think jigsaw puzzle, the piece needs to fit for it to work).
Proteins, lipids and carbohydrates are small molecules? True or False.
False. Proteins, lipids and carbohydrates are BIG molecules
Organisms often need to break down big molecules into smaller ones. True or false?
True. Organisms often need to break down big molecules into smaller ones.
Give and example of during what process when big molecules are needed to break down into smaller ones?
Digestion
What is the process of breaking down food into nutrients called? A) Digestion B) Metabolism C) Respiration
A) Digestion
What does the term synthesise mean?
To make
Organisms also need to synthesise (make) big molecules from small molecules. Give an example of this.
To make new cells.
What conditions can denature (change characteristics) an enzyme? [2 marks]
high temperatures extreme (very high or low) pH
Describe how both the enzymes of the digestive system and its adaptations help break down foods. [5 marks]
Answer (five from): • carbohydrase enzymes break down carbohydrates into sugars AND they are produced in the mouth, pancreas and small intestine • lipase enzymes break down fats and oils into fatty acids and glycerol AND they are produced in the pancreas and small intestine • protease enzymes break down proteins into amino acids AND they are produced in the stomach, pancreas and small intestine • the small intestine is about 4 metres long [1 mark] and has millions of tiny projections [1 mark] called villi [1 mark] which increase the surface area [1 mark] to increase diffusion [1 mark]