Metals
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Why do we use copper pipes
Copper doesn’t react with water
Why can a more reactive metal displace a less reactive metal from its salt
As it forms positive ions more easily, the higher up on the reactivity series the more reactive
What metal is used in sacrificial protection
Zinc
Why are carbon and hydrogen apart of the reactivity series
They are used to extract metal from their oxides
What is a measure of how reactive the metal is
The tendency of the metal to lose electrons to form a positive ion
When does a displacement reaction occur
When a more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal ion from its salt
Physical properties of metals (3)
Good conductors of heat + electricity Malleable+ductile High melting and boiling point
Physical properties of metalloids
A mix between metals and non-metals
Physical properties of non metals(3)
Do not conduct heat or electricity Low melting and boiling point Brittle
4 reactions with metals
Cold water Steam Oxygen Acid
Reaction of metal with acid
Metal + acid -> Metal salt + hydrogen Forms metal salt and hydrogen gas
Reaction of metal and cold water
Metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen Forms metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas
Reaction of metal and steam
Forms metal oxide and hydrogen gas Metal + steam -> metal oxide + hydrogen
Reaction of metal and oxygen
Some reactive metals (alkali) react easily, unreactive metals don’t at all Metal + oxygen -> metal oxide
Alloy and advantages of alloys
Mixture of a metal with other elements Tend to be harder, stronger and more resistive to corrosion and high temperatures
Uses of aluminium and the properties most suitable for that use (5)
Aeroplane bodies - high strength to weight ratio and low density Tin cans - non-toxic, resistant to corrosion and acidic food Saucepans - good conductor of heat Window frames - resistant to corrosion Overhead power cables - good conductor of electricity and low density
In what form/state will the salt be after a metal reacts with acid
Aqueous
What are the uses of copper (3) and why
Electrical wires - good conductor of electricity, malleable and ductile Water pipes - easy to work with and bend non-toxic and unreactive (does not react with water) Cooking pans - malleable, unreactive to water and good conductor of heat
Alloy
Mixture of a metal with other elements
Advantages of alloys
Harder Stronger More resistive to corrosion/high temperatures
3 commonly used alloys, and their mixture composition
Brass - copper and zinc Stainless steel - Iron and other elements usually nickel/carbon/chromium Aluminium alloy - aluminium + silicon +manganese
What does it mean if theres a white shine in stainless steel
It is an alloy containing chromium
Uses of 3 alloys and why
Brass - jewelery, musical instruments (corrosion resistant and has conductive properties) Stainless steel - cutlery (hardness and resistance to rust) Aluminium alloy - aircraft bodies (alloy is stronger but still has a low density)
Why are alloys harder than most pure metals
Alloys contain atoms of different sizes which distorts the normally regular arrangement of atoms in metals making it more difficult for the layers to slide over each other. This means what alloys are harder than most pure metals