Quarter 1: Grade 9

made up organs in our body that help us breathe.

It is common to both plants and animals. In this process, there is an exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

exchange of gasses between the atmosphere and blood. This involves the lungs.

exchange of gasses between the cells of the body and the blood.

is a mechanical process that helps get air in and out of the lungs. It consists of two stages.

gateway and the first organ of the respiratory system wherein the air (oxygen) enters the body. It is responsible for the sense of smell and helps in respiration and speech production.

also called “nares”. These are the external openings in the nose and serve as the passage of air into the body.

nside part of the nose. It warms, moisturizes, and filters the air that enters the body. It is lined with a mucous membrane that helps keep the nose moist by producing mucus.

iny hairs that are located on the surface cells of the mucous membrane that moves back and forth. The mucus traps any foreign particles which are moved by the cilia toward the front of the nose. This helps clean the air before it goes to the lungs.

lines the nasal cavity. It produces mucus that is moist and sticky that captures dust, germs, and small particles that could irritate the lungs.

passageway of air from the oral and nasal cavities to the lungs, it is also the passage of food to the esophagus. Adenoids and tonsils are located in the pharynx which plays an important role to protect the body from infection.

a hollow tubular structure that connects the pharynx and the windpipe (trachea). It is where the vocal folds or vocal cords lie and prevents the passage of food and other foreign particles in the lower respiratory tracts.

leaf-shaped flap cartilage behind the tongue which protects the trachea during eating to prevent inhalation of food.

a cartilaginous tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs. It serves as a passageway of air, moistens, and warms while it passes into the lungs.

it is the primary organ of the respiratory system. The lungs are protected by a bony and muscular rib cage and a double-layered membrane (pleura) that lines the thoracic cavity and covers the lungs.

two branches that split from the trachea and lead directly to the lungs

are small bronchial tubes that deliver air to alveoli.

life support structure that nourishes your cells with food and oxygen. It also carries away the waste products.

A fluid tissue consisting of plasma and cells that circulates in the blood vessels. Our blood consists of the liquid part called plasma and the solid components called blood cells.

a liquid that carries the cells and the platelets which help blood clot. It comprises 50 to 60% of our blood.

Red Blood Cells

Clumping of blood cells caused by antigen-antibody interaction. If transfused blood does not match, it will agglutinate. Agglutinated blood cannot pass through capillaries = blood clots = trouble

also known as leucocytes. They circulate in the bloodstream and have nothing to do with delivery of food and oxygen. Their job is to protect our body against foreign- invading substances, particularly bacteria. Leukocytes are true cells having their own nuclei. Sometimes the nuclei are big; sometimes there are more than one.

engulf foreign substances