12.2.2 - Buffer solutions
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Explain what is meant by a buffer solution.
Solutions that resist slight changes in pH When small amounts of acid, base and water are added.
What are 2 ways that buffer solutions can be made?
Weak acid + conjugate base weak base + conjugate acid
Why do buffer solutions maintain a constant pH?
The concentration of the weak acid and its conjugate base remain fairly constant.
What is the Henderson - Hasselbalch equation for calculating the pH of buffer solutions?
H+ = Ka x acid/salt
What is the buffer maintained in our blood?
Carbonic acid - hydrogencarbonate buffer
One of the systems controlling the pH of blood is the carbonic acid-hydrogencarbonate buffer system. Explain how this buffer system helps to control the pH of blood when extra carbon dioxide is present due to strenuous exercise.
carbon dioxide dissolves in the blood to form carbonic acid. So equilibrium moves right to produce more Hydrogen ions. Large excess of hydrogencarbonate ions combine with the H+ to form carbonic acid and control pH.