2.1 - The Ionic Model
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What are ionic bonds?
the electrostatic forces of attraction between cations and anions
What kind of bond is an ionic bond?
intramolecular bond
What makes an element more likely to gain electrons?
having a higher effective nuclear charge
Why do ionic compounds form a lattice structure?
because ions are rarely in isolation
what defines a lattice structure?
fixed arrangement of unit cells, repeating pattern (infinite), empirical formula is the formula unit
Why do ionic compounds have a high melting/boiling point?
because it requires a lot of energy to separate ions in a lattice structure, has a low volatility
what is volatility?
how easily a chemical can evaporate
what is the relation between ionic charge and melting point?
higher ionic charge = higher melting point
What is the relation between radius, attraction, and melting point?
larger radius = weaker attraction = lower melting point
Why are ionic compounds brittle?
because if force is applied, some ions are displaced causing them to be beside another similar ion
When do ionic compounds conduct electricity?
when dissolved in water or in the molten state
Why do solids not conduct electricity?
because there is no movement of electrons in the lattice structure
How many electrons are in every bond?
2
What is the bond called when electrons are shared equally?
covalent
What is the bond where electrons are not equally shared?
polar covalent
what kind of bond is it when electrons are not shared at all?
ionic
What is the formula for % ionic character?
change in electronegativity/3.2