Unit review
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Key nutrients your body needs and why:
Protein: Builds and repairs muscles and bones. Carbohydrates: Provides your body with energy. Fats: absorb different types of vitamins. Fibre: Keeps the digestive system healthy. Vitamins: Help fight infection, wound healing, and regulating hormones. Minerals: Aids many bodily functions. Water: Helps to digest food, absorb nutrients, and get rid of waste.
What are nutrients?
Nutrients are substances found in food sources which are needed by our bodies. Each have a different function in our body.
What are the two main types of nutrients, and which nutrients are in each group?
Micronutrients and macronutrients. Macronutrients: Protein, Carbohydrates, and Fats. Micronutrients: Vitamins and minerals.
What is respiration?
Respiration is the process where cells break down food molecules (mainly glucose) to release energy.
What unit is energy stored in as food?
Energy in food is measured in kilojoules (KJ).
Why do cells transfer energy?
Cells transfer energy from nutrients to support movement, growth, thinking, and warmth.
How much energy is needed?
Energy requirements vary based on age, gender, and activity level.
What are the stages of digestion?
First, Ingestion Second, Digestion, Third,absorption. Fourth, assimilation Finally, Elimation.
What’s the digestive system’s job?
The digestive system breaks down food into simple substances that the body can use.
What does the digestive system help with?
The digestive system helps absorb nutrients from food into the blood for energy, growth, and repair.
What can the digestive system do to make our bodies healthy?
The digestive system removes undigested waste from the body to keep it healthy.
What do the stages of the digestive system do?
INGESTION: Taking food into the body. DIGESTION: Breaking down food. ABSORPTION: Moving food into cells. ASSIMILATION: Making food part of the cell. ELIMINATION: Removing unused food.
Name some types of enzymes and include where they are:
Carbohydrase: salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine. Protease: Stomach, pancreas, small intestine. Lipase: Small intestine, pancreas.
Name some enzymes and their function:
Amylase: Breaks starch into sugar. Pepsin: Breaks down protein into amino acids. Maltase: breaks maltose into glucose. Trypsin: Works in the small intestine to digest proteins. Lipase: break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
What are some adaptations of villi?
• Large surface area due to villi and microvilli for maximum absorption. • Thin epithelial walls (one cell thick) for faster diffusion of nutrients. • Rich blood supply to quickly transport absorbed nutrients.
What is a villi?
Villi are tiny, finger-like projections that line the interior of the small intestine, extending into the lumen to dramatically increase the surface area for nutrient absorption.
How do glucose and water molecules move from the small intestine into the blood?
Through the process of diffusion: Initial State: Glucose and water molecules move in random directions inside the small intestine. Action: Molecules pass through the wall of the small intestine into the blood. Result: An even spreading of molecules is achieved between the small intestine and the blood.
Identify the primary enzymes or acids produced in the mouth, stomach, duodenum, and small intestine.
Mouth: Salivary Amylase Stomach: Hydrochloric Acid and Pepsin Duodenum: Pancreatic Amylase, Pancreatic Lipase, and Trypsin Small Intestine: Lactase, Maltase, Sucrase-Isomaltase, and Peptidase