Spine Goniometry & MMT
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Cervical Spine Flexion (inclinometer)
T: Sitting Inclinometer landmarks: Superior point: superior surface of cranium Interior point: spinous process of T1 Normal End Feel: Firm Normal ROM: 0 - 45 degrees
Cervical Spine Flexion (goniometer)
T: Sitting PA: Perpendicular to floor DA: Base of the nares F: external auditory meatus Normal ROM: 0-45 Normal End Feel: Firm
Cervical Spine Extension (inclinometer)
T: Sitting Inclinometer landmarks: Superior point: base of the chin Inferior point: sternal notch Normal ROM: 0-45 Normal End Feel: Firm
Cervical Spine Extension (goniometer)
T: Sitting PA: Perpendicular to floor DA: Base of the nares F: external auditory meatus Normal ROM: 0-45 Normal End Feel: Firm
Cervical Lateral Flexion (inclinometer)
T: Sitting Inclinometer landmarks: Superior point: Superior surface of cranium Inferior point: Spinous process of T1 Normal ROM: 0-45 Normal End Feel: Firm
Cervical Lateral Flexion (goniometer)
T: Sitting PA: Perpendicular to floor DA: Spinous process of C7 F: bisecting the cranium vertically Normal ROM: 0-45 Normal End Feel: Firm
Cervical Spinal Rotation (inclinometer)
T: Supine Inclinometer landmark: center of forehead Normal ROM: 0-60 Normal End Feel: Firm
Cervical Spinal Rotation (goniometer)
T: Supine PA: lateral border of acromion DA: superior surface and center of cranium F: parallel with nose Normal ROM: 0-60 Normal End Feel: Firm
Cervical Spine Extension MMT
M: Cervical extensors G: Prone
Cervical Spine Flexion MMT
M: Deep neck flexors, bilat SCM G: Supine
Thoracolumbar Flexion (tape measure)
T: Standing Tape measure landmarks: Superior: Spinous process of C7 Inferior: Spinous process of S2 Alternate method: T: Standing Tape measure landmarks Superior: tips of fingers Inferior: floor Normal ROM: observe for improved ROM Normal End Feel: firm
Thoracolumbar Flexion (inclinometer)
T: Standing Inclinometer landmarks: Superior inclinometer: Spinous process of T1 Inferior inclinometer: Spinous process of S2 Normal ROM: observe for improved ROM Normal End Feel: firm
Thoracolumbar Extension (tape measure)
T: Standing Tape measure landmarks: Superior: Spinous process of T1 Inferior: Spinous process of S2 Alternate method: T: Standing Tape measure landmarks Superior: tips of fingers Inferior: floor Normal ROM: observe for improved ROM Normal End Feel: firm
Thoracolumbar Extension (inclinometer)
T: Standing Inclinometer landmarks: Superior inclinometer: Spinous process of T1 Inferior inclinometer: Spinous process of S2 Normal ROM: observe for improved ROM Normal End Feel: firm
Lateral Flexion (tape measure)
T: Standing Tape measure landmarks: Superior: Third finger tip Inferior: Floor Normal ROM: observe for improved ROM Normal End Feel: firm
Lateral Flexion (inclinometer)
T: Standing Inclinometer landmarks: Superior inclinometer: Spinous process of T1 Inferior inclinometer: Spinous process of S2 Normal ROM: observe for improved ROM Normal End Feel: firm
Lateral Flexion (goniometer)
T: Standing PA: Perpendicular from S2 to the floor DA: Midline of the spine to the spinous process of C7 F: Spinous process of S2 Normal ROM: observe for improved ROM Normal End Feel: firm
Thoracolumbar Rotation (Tape measure)
T: Standing Tape measure landmarks: Superior: anterior surface of acromion process of the contralateral shoulder Inferior: greater trochanter of the ipsilateral femur Normal ROM: observe for improved ROM Normal End Feel: firm
Trunk Flexion MMT
M: Rectus abdominis G: Supine with hands behind cervical spine Alternate: G: Supine with hands resting on plinth
Trunk Extension MMT
M: Erector spinae G: Prone
Lumbar Flexion (Tape measure)
T: Standing Tape measure landmarks: Superior: spinous process of T12 Inferior: spinous process of S2 Normal ROM: observe for improved ROM Normal End Feel: firm