Unit 1.1-1.2 Toth Science 10
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In mitosis, what happens during prophase?
The chromosomes are copied and exist as two sister chromatids.
In mitosis, what happens during Metaphase?
Spindle fibers guide the chromosomes to the centre of the cell.
Where does mitosis occur, and for what purpose?
It occurs only in body cells and for growth and repair.
What is DNA short for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What nitrogenous bases are present in DNA, and which are complementary bases?
Adenine(A), Cytosine(C), Guanine(G), and Thymine(T). AT, CG are the pairs.
What kind of nucleic acids are present in cells?
DNA, RNA
Nucleic acids are large molecules made of small components called…
Nucleotides
What is the general structure of a nucleotide?
Phosphate groups and sugars make up the sides, with a nitrogenous base attached for a middle.
What is the structure of DNA? What is it made of?
A double helix made of two strands of nucleotides linked together.
What is the function of DNA?
To store genetic information.
Where is the genetic info stored in DNA found?
It is found in the sequence of the bases.
What does the genetic info in DNA do?
Tells each cell what proteins to make and how to make them. Protein molecules make up much of the structure of cells and tissues in organisms.
Why is the information provided by DNA so important?
This instruction is responsible for the development and the function of the parts of an organism as the proteins created by DNA’s instruction control cell functions.
What is the complete DNA sequence in each cell of an organism called?
The organism’s genome.
How many base pairs are distributed in the 46 chromosomes in a human genome?
3 billion base pairs.
What is a protein?
An organic chemical composed of a chain of building block molecules called amino acids.
What does DNA exist as for majority of the cell cycle?
Strands of Chromatin.
When in the cell cycle does Chromatin become chromosomes?
In the prophase stage of mitosis and meiosis, when the cells genetic info starts to divide.
Order from biggest to smallest:Chromatin, Chromosome, DNA.
DNA>Chromatin>Chromosome
What are human body cells called?
Somatic cells
Of the 23 pairs of chromosomes, one pair determines the genetic sex of an individual. What are they called?
Sex chromosomes.
What are the 22 non sex chromosomes pairs called?
Autosomes.
What do homologous chromosomes have in common?
The same sequence of genes, length, centrosome locations, and banding patterns.
What is a gene?
A section of a chromosome that governs the expression of a trait which is passed onto offspring.