Organic chemistry key terms (as of Dec 2021)
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Define the term “ Structural Isomers”
Compounds with the same molecular formula, but a different structural formula.
Define the term “ Homologous Series”
A series of organic compounds which have the same functional group, each successive member differing by CH2
Define the term “ Substitution”
A reaction where some atoms from one reactant are swapped with atoms from another reactant.
Define the term “ Elimination”
A reaction in which a pair of atoms or group of atoms are removed from an organic molecule.
Define the term “ Aromatic”
Molecule containing a benzene ring.
Define the term “ Alkyl”
Formula CnH2n+1
Define the term “ Saturated”
Molecule with single c-c bonds only.
Define the term “ Unsaturated”
Molecule with multiple c-c bonds or aromatic rings.
Define the term “ Aliphatic”
Molecule arranged in straight, branched, or non-aromatic rings.
Define the term “Alicyclic”
Aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains.
Define the term “ Functional Group”
A group of reactions responsible for characteristic reactions of a compound.
Stereoisomers
Compounds with the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space.
E/Z isomerism
Stereoisomerism where rotation is restricted about a double bond, each carbon can make two other bonds.
Cis-trans isomerism
Type of E/Z isomerism where two groups attached to each of the double boded carbon atoms are the same.
Electrophile
Electron pair acceptor
Nucleophile
Electron pair donor
Define pi bond
Sideways overlap of adjacent p-orbitals
Define s-bond
Overlap of orbitals between bonding atoms