3.3 Nutrition and energy systems
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How does the body maintain the supply of ATP?
All systems happen at the same time. Drop out one at a time.
Define the term cell respiration
Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy in the form of ATP
BE ABLE TO DRAW A DIAGRAM OF A CELL
AND LABEL IT
BE ABLE TO DRAW A DIAGRAM OF
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF A MITOCHONDRION AND LABEL IT
SILDING FILAMENT
THEORY
Explain the role of ATP in muscle contraction
The breakdown of ATP to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) releases a phosphate molecule. Provides energy for muscle contraction. ATP causes the release of the myosin head from the actin filament.
Describe the re-synthesis of ATP in the ATP-CP system
• Used for short explosive movements • This system is fuelled by creatine phosphate stored in skeletal muscles • 1-2 seconds from ATP followed by 12-13 seconds of explosive exercise - after 15 seconds muscles become fatigued • Only byproduct produced from this is heat • 2 minutes of restoring and it is ready to be used again - 50% restored in 30 seconds • Does not require oxygen (anaerobic) • 1 molecule of CP = 1 molecule of ATP
Describe the production of ATP by the lactic acid system
It is also known as anaerobic glycolysis 2 ATP molecules produced Lasts for 45-60 seconds All-out exercise
Describe the production of ATP and it’s fuel systems for the three systems
Both of them work simultaneously but at different speeds 15 seconds of ATP then restored by 3 generators 1. Glycolysis (lactic acid) – uses glucose – by-product pyruvate and NADH (anaerobic) 2. Krebs cycle – uses oxygen – by-product is NADH (aerobic) 3. Electron transport chain – uses oxygen (aerobic)
Krebs cycle regarding oxygen and ATP
Produces ATP slower than glycolysis and requires oxygen
Explain how adenosine can gain and lose a phosphate molecule
Hydrolysis - using water to remove one of the phosphate groups from ATP Phosphorylation - the process of re-attaching the phosphate group to ADP
ATP-CP: fuel sources, duration, intensity, ATP production, by-products
creatine, 8-12 seconds, high, very quickly 1:1, heat
Lactic acid: fuel sources, duration, intensity, ATP production, by-products
glycogen, 30sec - 3min, prolonged high intensity, fast 2:1, lactic acid
Aerobic: fuel sources, duration, intensity, ATP production, by-products
protein glycogen fats, 3+ min, low to moderate, slow 34:1, water carbon dioxide
EVALUATE THE RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE THREE
ENERGY SYSTEMS DURING DIFFERENT TYPES OF EXERCISE
What does EPOC stand for?
Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption
What does EPOC mean?
the total oxygen consumed after exercise above a pre-exercise baseline level “taking out loan from a bank, now got to pay it back”
What are the four physiological mechanisms that take place during EPOC to facilitate recovery?
• Replenishment of ATP (fast-4 minutes) • Removal of lactic acid (slow-up to 48 hours) • Replenishment of myoglobin (attaches to oxygen in the cells) with oxygen (fast-4 minutes) • Replenishment of glycogen (slow-up to 48 hours) How much rest is enough rest?