lecture 4 - dna profiling
暂无描述。系统推荐的高质量记忆内容，适合每天坚持背诵学习。
卡片预览 (23 张)
What is DNA profiling?
A method to analyze DNA for identification purposes, used in criminal cases, paternity tests, and species comparison.
Define gel electrophoresis.
A technique to separate DNA fragments by size using an electric field.
What are pyrimidines in DNA?
Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T).
What is the faulty gene in Huntington’s disease?
The huntingtin gene with excessive CAG repeats.
What is PCR?
A technique to amplify DNA for analysis.
What are the base pairing rules in DNA?
Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T), Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).
Which base is NOT found in RNA?
Thymine.
What is the purpose of using ethanol in DNA extraction?
To precipitate DNA from the solution.
Why does DNA move towards the positive electrode in electrophoresis?
DNA is negatively charged due to its phosphate backbone.
Name two uses of DNA profiling.
Criminal investigations and paternity tests.
How was the new grass snake species identified?
By comparing DNA fragments using PCR and gel electrophoresis.
What happens to shorter DNA fragments during gel electrophoresis?
They move faster towards the positive electrode.
How does Huntington’s disease damage neurons?
Through excessive repeats of the CAG sequence in the huntingtin gene.
What are restriction enzymes used for in DNA profiling?
To cut DNA into fragments for gel electrophoresis.
How do you confirm species differences using DNA?.
By analyzing gel electrophoresis band patterns for differences
What is Gel electrophoresis?
A type of chromatography that separates nucleic acid fragments or proteins by size using electric current.
VNTR (Variable Number Tandem Repeats)
A location in DNA where a short nucleotide sequence is organized as a tandem repeat with variations in lengths between individuals.
Protease
An enzyme used to break down protein.
DNA Purification
A method to purify DNA by using physical and/or chemical methods from a sample, separating DNA from cell membranes, proteins, and other cellular components.
Lysing
Cell lysis or cellular disruption is a method in which the outer boundary or cell membrane is broken down or destroyed to release intracellular materials such as DNA, RNA, protein, or organelles from a cell.
DNA Profiling
A technique used to determine the patterns in the non-coding DNA of an individual. It involves five main stages: 1. DNA extraction 2. Digestion 3. Separation of DNA fragments 4. Hybridisation 5. Observation
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
An in vitro technique used to rapidly amplify fragments of DNA.
DNA Sequencing
Determining the entire nucleotide base sequence of an organism.