C11-Polymers
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What occurs in addition polymerisation reactions?
A type of reaction where monomers join together, end to end, to form long polymer chains. The polymer produced is called an addition polymer
What are used to make addition polymers?
Alkenes
Examples of polymers
Poly(ethene) poly(propene)
Why are condensation polymers called condensation reactions?
Involves monomers with two functional groups.When these type of monomers react they joun together,usually losing small molecules such as water.
How are the simplest polymers produced
Two different monomers with two of the same functional groups on each monomer,
What is the link called in polymers
Etser/amide linkage
How to amino acids react?
They react by condensation polymerisation to produce polypeptides
How are proteins formed?
By different amino acids that are combined in the same chain to produce proteins.
What is dna (full term) what does it stand for.
Deoxyribonucleic acid-The large molecule essential for life which encodes for genetic instructions for the development and functioning of living orhanisms and viruses
Examplws of naturallt occuring polymers
Proteins Starch Cellulose
Structure of DNA
Two polymer chains made from four different monomers called nucleotides,in the form of a double helix
How are proteins formed
Amino acids are joined together by condensation polymerisation to form peptide bonds. (-CONH-
How are carbohydrates formed?
Simple sugar molecules which again are joined by condensation polymerisation
What are monomers
Small reactive molecules that react together in repeating sequences to form a very large molecule
What are nucleotides
The basic repeating unit,thay join together to form dna
What is a polymee
A substance made from very large molecules made up of many repeating units
What happens to alkenes during addition polymerisation?
During addition polymerisation, many alkene monomers bond together to form a long chain - the polymer. The double covalent bond between the 2 carbons in the alkene molecule “open up” and are replaced by 2 single covalent bonds. In this way, thousands of molecules join together. A “backbone” of carbon atoms is formed along the centre of the polymer. There is only 1 product, the addition polymer. The addition polymer is made up of many repeating units of the monomer.
What do addition polymers consist of?
Long saturated chains made of repeating units with a carbon “backbone”
What polymer would be formed from a monomer of ethene
Polyethene
Everyday name for polyethene?
Polythene
Uses of polythene
Bags,bottles
What polymer would be formed from a monomer of propene,what is its everday name,and its uses?
Polypropene Polypropylene Plastic containers,ropes
How many produces are there in addition polymerisation
1
How are condensation polymers created?
Condensation polymerisation involves monomers with 2 functional groups (which react with each other). The functional groups of the monomers react, forming bonds between them, causing the monomers to join together. This forms end-to-end links. In this way, long polymer chains are created. For each new bond formed, a small molecule (such as Water or Hydrochloric acid) is lost. There are 2 products, the polymer and the small molecule.