Organic Chemistry Chapter 1: Nomenclature
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What is the basic 5 step process in naming chemical compounds?
• find longest carbon chain that contains the highest priority functional group. • number the chain in such a way that the highest-priority functional group receives the lowest possible number. • name the substituents with a prefix. • assign a number to each of the substituents depending on the carbon to which it is bound • complete the name by alphabatizing the substituents and separating numbers from each other by commas and from words by hyphens.
What do alkanes end with?
-ane
What is the name for alkanes that have 1 carbon, 2 carbons, 3 carbons, and 4 carbons
1 - Methane 2 - Ethane 3 - Propane 4 - Butane
What do alkenes end with? alkynes?
• ene - yne
What is the suffix for alcohol is it is the highest priority group? the prefix?
suffix - ol prefix - hydroxy
Which has higher priority, alcohols or double or triple bonds?
alcohols
What are diols?
Diols have two hydroxyl groups
What is a germinal hydroxyl group? vicinal?
germinal - same carbon vicinal - adjacent carbons
What is the suffix for aldehydes? prefix?
suffix - al prefix - oxo
What is the suffix for aldehydes? prefix?
suffix - one prefix - oxo or keto
What is the carbon next to the carbonyl group?
alpha carbon
What is the highest priority functional group?
Carboxylic acids
What is the suffix for carboxylic acids?
oic acid
What is the suffix for esters? prefix?
suffix - oate prefix - alkoxycarbonyl
What is the suffix for amides? prefix?
suffix - amide prefix - carbamoyl or amido-
What are substituents attached to the amide nitrogen designated with?
N -
What are anhydrides?
formed from two carboxylic acids by dehydration. They may be symmetric or asymmetric
What are anhydrides labeled with?
anhydride in place of acid.
What is the priority order of functional groups?
Carboxylic acid > anhydride > ester > amide > aldehyde > ketone > alcohol > alkene or alkyne > alkane