4.5 - Organics I
暂无描述。系统推荐的高质量记忆内容，适合每天坚持背诵学习。
卡片预览 (24 张)
What is a hydrocarbon?
compounds of hydrogen (H) and carbon (C) only:
What are the fractions of crude oil from top to bottom?
• Refinery gases • Gasoline • Kerosene • Diesel • Fuel oil • Bitumen
As you descend through the fractions what happens to the BP?
Low –> High
As you descend through the fractions what happens to the molecular mass?
Low –> High
As you descend through the fractions what happens to the colour?
Light –> Dark
As you descend through the fractions what happens to the viscosity?
Low –> High
Use of refinery gases?
Fuel for home cooking
Use of gasoline?
Fuel for cars
Use of kerosene?
Fuel for aircraft
Use of diesel?
Fuel for trains
Use of fuel oil?
Fuel for ships
Use of bitumen?
Making roads
How is crude oil separated?
Fractional distillation
Where in the fractionating column is hotter?
hotter at the bottom
How does a fractionating column work?
• Heated crude oil vapours enter the column. • Vapours rise until they reach their boiling point, when they condense. • Different vapours condense at different heights due to their different boiling points. • Similar vapours condense together as a fraction.
What are fractions?
Fractions are mixtures containing the hydrocarbons that boil in a particular temperature range.
What are alkanes?
Alkanes are hydrocarbons that fit the general formula CnH2n+2.
What is a displayed formula?
This is a diagram showing the positions of every atom and every bond.
What is a structural formula?
This shows the structure of the molecule in one line, read from left to right like a word.
What is a molecular formula?
This only shows how many carbon and hydrogen atoms there are.
What is a empirical formula?
This only shows the simplest whole-number ratio of carbon to hydrogen.
Properties of a homologous series?
• Similar chemical reactions • Trends in physical properties (e.g. boiling points, viscosity or colour) • The same general formula
What is an isomer?
Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
Complete combustion with alkanes?
This occurs when there is excess oxygen. It produces only CO2 and H2O: Alkane + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water