Chemical Reactions: Reversible reactions
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What are hydrated salts?
Salts that have water as a part of their structure
What is water in crystallisation?
Water in the salt
What is anhydrous?
without water
What happens when crystals are heated?
water in crystallisation is lost?
What happens when you heat crystals of blue copper (II) sulfate?
they decompose to form a white powder
What is the word equation for the heating of hydrated copper (II) sulfate?
hydrated copper (II) sulfate => (heat) => anhydrous copper (II) sulfate (white + water
What is the symbol equation for the reversible heating of hydrated copper (II) sulfate?
CuSo4.5H2O (s) => (forward/backward) CuSo4 (s) + 5H2o (l)
What is equilibrium?
Reactions in which both forward and reverse reactions are occurring
What are the features of equilibrium reaction?
• Products/ Reactants must not escape, reaction in closed system • At equilibrium, reactants are continually being changed to products and products back to reactants (dynamic equilibrium) • At equilibrium concentration of reactants and products do not change (same as the start), as rate of forward reaction = rate of reverse reaction • Equilibrium can be approached from either direction
What is the position of equilibrium? (3)
Position of equilibrium tells how far reaction goes in favour of reactants or products/ Concentration of products greater => position of equilibrium to the right. Concentration of reactants greater => position of equilibrium to the left.
When the concentration of reactant is increased, where does equilibrium move and why
equilibrium moves to the right, to form more products until equilibrium is restored - keeps relative concentrations of products and reactants the same as before
When the concentration of product is increased, where does equilibrium move?
equilibrium moves to the left to form more reactants
What reactions can pressure only affect?
reactions where there is a gas in the equation
If there are equal volumes or moles of gas on both sides of the equation, what is the effect of increasing pressure?
no effect
In (2SO2 + O2 => 2SO3), where does an increase in pressure do?
moves the reaction to the write , more SO2 and O2 combine to form SO3
If a reaction is exothermic in the forward direction, what will it be in the reverse reaction?
Endothermic
For an forward exothermic reaction, when temperature increases, where does equilibrium shift?
Equilibrium shifts in favor of the reverse reaction
For an forward endothermic reaction, when temperature increases, where does equilibrium shift?
Equilibrium moves to the right to favor products.