Chapter 1 - Science of Behaviour
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Define Psychology
The Scientific study of the mind and behavior
Define Behavior
Directly observed actions and responses
Define the mind
intellectual states and processes (thoughts, feelings) inferred form observed, measurable responses
What is clinical psychology
study and treatment of mental disorders
what is cognitive psychology
study of mental processes; mind as an informational processor
what is neuroscience/biological psychology
biological reasons for behavior (genes, evolution, brain processes, hormones)
what is developmental psychology
follows the physical, psychological, and social development throughout one’s life
what is experimental psychology
deals with experiments, learning, sensory systems and perception
what is industrial organizational psych
deal with workplace workplace behavior, leadership, teamwork and motivation
what is personality psychology
how personality traits relate to behavior; focus on measurement of personality (tests)
what is social psychology
influences people have on each other and how they view each other (relationships)
Name the 4 goals of psychology
DESCRIBE how ppl and other animals behave EXPLAIN and understand causes of behavior PREDICT behavior INFLUENCE/CONTROL human behavior in order to enhance human welfare
what’s the difference between basic and applied research
Basic - knowledge for its own sake applied- solve specific practical problems
what’s the mind-body problem
is the mind a spiritual entity separate from the body or is it a a part of the physical body?
what is mind-body dualism
the belief that the mind is a spiritual entity, not physical
what is dualism and who said what abt it
dualism holds that no research on the physical body could make sense of the mysteries of the non-physical mind Rene decartes; -mind and body interact thru the brain’s tiny pinneal gland
what is monoism and who said what abt it
the mind and body are one Thomas Hobbes; mental events correspond with physical events in brain
what is british empiricism
all knowledge and behaviour is acquired through experience (empirically); humans are born as a blank slate
what is psychophysics
psychological experiences sensations depend on characteristics of physical stimuli
what did charles darwin’s theory of evolution propose regarding the mind ?
the mind it not a spiritual entity, rather a product of biological continuity
what is structuralism and functionalism? compare
structuralism; the mind in terms of basic elements, structures of consciousness functionalism; functions of consciousness - influenced by darwin it proposed that experience molds behav - wanted to describe the adaptive (evolutionairy) function of the mind
what did william james do
a functionalist influenced by darwins theory of evolution wrote the first textbook
whats the psychodynamic perspective and who said what about it
searches for causes of behavior in personality Freud; - introduced the unconscious - used free association
what is the behavioral perspective
sees behav as jointly determined by previous exp and immediate sitmuli