Chapter 21

AKA; Simple transverse fission. A method of asexual reproduction in bacteria.

Refers to the size, shape, and arrangements of bacteria

Spherical shape (round balls)

Spheres arranged in pairs

Spheres arranged in chains

Spheres shaped like a cluster of grapes

Rod shape (cylinders)

Rods arranged in pairs

Rods arranged in chains

Spiral or helical-shaped

Curved rods

Primary purpose is to prevent bacteria from rupturing when the inside osmotic pressure differs greatly from the outsides osmotic pressure. Most eukaryotic cells do not contain a cell wall.

Lies on the inside of the cell wall. Composed of some proteins but mostly fats. It is semi-permeable.

In eukaryotic cells cytoplasm refers to the functional organelles inside the cell In prokaryotic cells the cytoplasm does not have functioning organelles, but they do have an internal matrix of material inside the cell membrane. Cytoplasm is 80% water.

The sticky, gelatinous coating that prokaryotic cells secrete

When the glycocalyx is is organized and firmly attached to the outside of the cell wall. Allows bacteria to survive through adverse circumstances.

When the glycocalyx is unorganized and loosely attached to the outside of the cell wall.

Long, whiplike, filament-containing appendages that propel bacteria. When a cell has flagella they are considered “flagellated.”

Bacteria with one flagellum

Bacteria that has one flagellum at either end of its cell

Bacteria that has two or more flagella on either end of its cell

Bacteria that has flagella all over the entire cell

Allows bacteria to attach to surfaces

Allow bacteria to transfer DNA and attach to surfaces