Topic 7: Acids, Bases and Salts
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What do acids produce in water?
Hydrogen ions (H⁺).
What is the definition of an acid?
Proton donor.
What are the reactions of acids with metals?
Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas.
What are the reactions of acids with bases?
Acid + Base → Salt + Water.
What are the reactions of acids with carbonates?
Acid + Carbonate → Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water.
What color does blue litmus turn in acid?
Red.
What color does methyl orange turn in acid?
Red.
What is a base?
Substance that neutralizes acid to form salt and water.
What is the definition of a base?
Proton acceptor (produces OH⁻ ions).
What color does red litmus turn in a base?
Blue.
What color does methyl orange turn in a base?
Yellow.
What is an alkali?
A soluble base.
pH range for acids?
1–6.
pH of a neutral substance?
7.
pH range for bases (alkalis)?
8–14.
What does the pH scale measure?
Concentration of H⁺ ions.
What does Universal Indicator show?
Colour linked to pH value.
Describe neutralisation.
Acid + Alkali → Salt + Water.
What is a strong acid?
Completely dissociates in water.
What is a weak acid?
Partially dissociates in water.
Example of a strong acid?
Hydrochloric acid (HCl).
Example of a weak acid?
Ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH).
What is a strong alkali?
Completely dissociates to form OH⁻ ions.
Example of a strong alkali?
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH).