Effects Of Training 1.3

Increase: Heart rate Stroke volume Systolic BP Redistribution of blood to skeletal muscles (Rest: muscles 15-20% Organs 80-85% Exercise: muscles 80-90% organs 10-20%) Absolute VO2 Diff Blood lactate concentrations Decrease: Blood plasma volume Blood pH

Increase: Respiratory Rate Diffusion of CO2 and O2 Oxygen uptake TV? V?

Increase: Motor unit and fibre recruitment Blood flow to muscles Muscle temperature Muscle enzyme activity Oxygen supply and use Oxygen extraction Decrease Energy stores

Decreased resting Heart Rate Cardiac Hypertrophy Unchanged or decreased cardiac Output Increased Blood Volume and Haemoglobin Decreased Blood Presshre Increased capillarisation of heart And skeletal muscle Decreased Lung ventilation

Decreased Heart rate Cardiac Hypertrophy Increased capillarisation of the heart Improved heart rate recovery rates Increased stroke volume Decreased blood flow to working muscles Decreased blood pressure Increased avo2 max difference Unchanged cardiac output (Q) Decreased minute ventilation Decreased or unchanged VO2 Increased LIP

Cardiac Hypertrophy Increased Capillarisation heart and skeletal muscles Increased stroke volume Increased cardiac output Increased Vo2 max Improved heart rate recovery rates Increased avo2 max diff Increased or unchanged muscle blood flow Increased minute ventilation Increased LiP

Increased Oxygen extraction by increased concentrations of myoglobin Increased oxygen delivery Increased numbers of energy production sites Increased oxidation of fat’s (glycogen sparing) Increased fuel stores of muscle glycogen and triglycerides Increased size of slow twitch muscle fibres Decreased utilisation of anaerobic glycolysis system

Increased muscles stores ATP and PC stores capacity of the ATP-PC system Increased muscle glycogen stores and glycolysis enzymes and thus increased glycolytic capacity Increased storage of glycogen Increased size of fast twitch muscle fibres Increased speed and force of contraction Increased strength amounts of connective tissue Increased number of muscle capillaries Flexibility training effects: increased length of muscles, tendons and ligaments, increased range of joint movement

Cardiac Hypertrophy Unchanged or decreased cardiac output Decreased resting heart rate Increased stroke volume Increased blood volume and haemoglobin Decreased Blood pressure Increased lung volume

Unchanged or decreased cardiac output Decreased HR SV increased Decreased BP Decreased minute ventilation Unchanged or decreased oxygen consumption Decreased muscle glycogen depletion Decreased lactic acid level in blood and muscle Increased anaerobic threshold Blood flow to muscles decreased or unchanged Avo2 diff increased

Increased Q Unchanged or decreased HR Increased SV Decreased BP Increased minute ventilation Increased VO2 Increased muscle glycogen depletion Increased lactic acid level in blood and muscles Increased blood flow to working muscles Increased avo2 diff