vascular system

dicots

xylem phloem sclerenchyma collenchyma parenchyma

support and structure thickened with lignin an cellulose strengthen stems and leaf midribs

found by epidermis involved in growth thick cellular walls, give strength flexible support, wind resistance

soft packing tissue, fills spaces between other tissue in roots, store starch in leaves, have chloroplast and photosynthesise aquatic, air spaces, keep plant buoyand

support, water/mineral transport up from root to shoot structurally support plant

cell content decay, do not contain any cytoplasm/organelles, long hollow tube end plates break down, unimpended flow of water cell walls thicker than usual, withstand water pressure lignified cell wall (spiral,rings/broken rings), waterproof, add strength, keep vessel open, allow flexibility bordered pits, allow mineral ions and water to move laterally between xylem

made of dead cells vessles, parenchyma,fibres several columns of cells fusing together end to end, water and mineral transported in this tube

small non-lignified regions of xylem vessel walls

packed around xylem, store food, contain tanin deposit

moves upward, transpiration, evaporation, pulling force, drawing water up xylen

translocation transport of assimilates from sources to sinks, dissolved in water to form sap up and down plant

mostly sieve tube elements and companion cells have parenchyma, storage, strengthen fibre mature, contain living cells

line up end to end alive transport assimilates around plant

elongated no nucleus little cytoplasm tonoplast and other organelles break down

companion cells

plasmodesmata

carry out metabolic process, needed to load assimilates into sieve tube

large nucleus dense cytoplasm many mitochondria, provide ATP many infoldings in cell surface membrane, increase SA for AT

translocation in sieve tube elements