3.4 Acids, Bases, Salts
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Define acid [2 points]
Substances that donate H+ when dissolved in water. Sometimes called proton donors, becayse a H+ ion is the same as a proton.
Define alkali [2 points]
A substance that donates OH- ions when dissolved in water.
Define base [2 points]
Substances that accept H+ ions (proton acceptors)
Name a difference between Alkali and Bases
Alkalis are soluble in water Bases are insoluble in water.
Give the ionic half equation for neutralisation
H+ + OH- –> NaCl + H2O
List the three most common basic groups
metal oxides; metal hydroxides; ammonia
True or false: all nitrates are soluble?
True
Is silver soluble?
No.
What colour will blue litmus go in an acid?
Red. (If colour change is requested, state ‘turns red’).
What colour will blue litmus go in an alkali?
Blue. (If colour change is requested, state ‘stays blue’).
What colour will blue litmus go in a neutral solution?
It will stay blue
What colour will red litmus go in an acid?
Stays red
What colour will red litmus go in an alkaline solution?
Turns blue
What colour will red litmus go in a neutral solution?
It will stay red
What colour will red litmus go in an acidic solution?
Stays red.
What colour will methyl orange go in an acidic solution?
Turns red
What colour will methyl orange go in an alikali solution?
Turns yellow
What colour will methyl orange go in a neutral solution?
Stays yellow/orange
What colour will phenolphthalein go in an acidic solution?
(Stays) colourless/ absence of colour
What colour will phenolphthalein go in an alkaline solution?
Turns pink
What colour will phenolphthalein go in a neutral solution?
Stays colourless
What colour is phenolphthalein normally?
Clear//colourless solution
Why is excess base added in salt crystallisation?
To make sure all fo the acid has reacted.
Why is the water not all evaporated from a crystallisation solution? [2 points]
• avoids decomposing crystals • avoids removing water of crystallisation