Organic molecules

A homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons

Same molecular formula, different structural formula

Find the longest carbon chain Name the side chain Show which carbon the side chain is attached to

An unsaturated molecule (contains a double bond)

An alkane where one or more of the hydrogens have been replaced by a halide

Contain an OH group

Contains an COOH group

Contains a =O bond in the middle of the molecule

Contains a =O and -H group on the end of the molecule

E-Z isomerism occurs in alkenes because they have a non-rotational double bond. Therefore if the priority groups are on the same side of the molecule, we call it Z isomerism and if they are on different sides it is called E isomerism

If the molecule contains a lot of branches, the boiling point is lower

Longer chains = higher boiling points

CnH2n+2 + O2 -> nCO2 + n+1H2O

Plentiful source of energy Cheaper than many renewable sources Universal fuel Efficient sources of fuel

Carbon dioxide emissions contribute to global warming Expensive power plants Pollution caused by oil spills

A sigma bond between the S orbital electrons and a pi bond between the P orbital electrons which creates an area of negativity around the bond because the pi bond sticks out

Low boiling point Insoluble in water Used as refrigerants, solvents and anaesthetics

Chloro-fluorocarbons were used as propellants in aerosols for years before it was discovered they are responsible for eroding the ozone layer

A fuel grown from natural resources

Renewable Carbon neutral More economic security for countries that don’t have fossil fuels

Use of free land Use of resources Not completely carbon neutral because we have to build power plants and transport them etc..

Primary - OH group joined to the end of the molecule Secondary - OH group joined to carbon that is joined to two other carbons Tertiary - OH group joined to carbon that is attached to three other carbons