Module 2 Chapter 5
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What happens as the shell number increases
The more electrons can be contained in the shell
What happens in terms of energy as the shell number increases
As the shell number increases the energy of the shells also increases
Why does the energy of the shells increase as the shell number increases
More energy is required to keep them in the atom as they are further away from the nucleus
What is another name for the shell number or energy level number
Principal quantum number
What can the maximum number of electrons in each shell be calculated by
2N squared (where n is the principal quantum number)
What are the maximum number of electrons in each shell
N = 1, maximum number 2 N = 2, maximum number 8 N = 3, maximum number 18 N = 4, maximum number 32
What do electrons behave like
Electrons have wave particle duality meaning they behave both as a wave and a particle
What are shells made up of
They are made up of atomic orbitals
What can orbitals hold
They are a region around the nucleus that can hold up to 2 electrons with 2 opposite spins.
What is an orbital
It’s visualised as a region in space where there is a high probability of finding an electron.
What is a property of the electrons in the orbitals
They have either up or down spin. When one electron has up spin the other has down spin.
Without observation what state are electrons in
They are in superposition when neither is in up spin or down spin, it is in the spin up and down state.
What are the 4 different orbitals
S-, p-, d-, and f- orbitals
What is an s orbital
Electron orbital in the shape of a sphere. They can hold two electrons Each shell from n=1 contains one s orbital
What happens to the s orbital as the principle quantum number increases
the radius of the orbital increases
Draw an s orbital
What is a p orbital
The orbital is in the shape of a dumbell Each p orbital contains 2 electrons
What are the three types of p orbitals
Px,Pz,Py, where the small letter is the axis that they lie on
What do each of the p orbitals look like
Draw it
What principle quantum number 1 what is the maximum number of electrons and number of each orbitals
2 electrons 1S
What principle quantum number 2 what is the maximum number of electrons and number of each orbitals
8 electrons 1S, 2S, 2P (2Px, 2Py, 2Pz)
What principle quantum number 3 what is the maximum number of electrons and number of each orbitals
18 electrons 1S, 2S, 2P (2Px, 2Pz, 2Py), 3S, 3P (3Px, 3Py, 3Pz), 3D
What principle quantum number 4 what is the maximum number of electrons and number of each orbitals
32 electrons 1S, 2S, 2P (2Px, 2Pz, 2Py), 3S, 3P (3Px, 3Py, 3Pz), 3D, 4S, 4P (4Px, 4Py, 4Pz), 4D, 4F
How many d and f orbitals exist in principle quantum number 4
5 - d 7 - f