Synthetic Routes

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

Front (Question)

Alkane to haloalkane

Back (Answer)

Free radical substitution Br2, Cl2, etc UV light

Front (Question)

Haloalkane to alcohol

Back (Answer)

Nucleophilic substitution Aqueous KOH or NaOH Heat under reflux

Front (Question)

Haloalkane to nitrile

Back (Answer)

Nucleophilic substitution Heat under reflux with KCN dissolved in ethanol

Front (Question)

Haloalkane to primary amine to secondary amine

Back (Answer)

Nucleophilic substitution Heat under reflux with (excess) NH3 dissolved in alcohol

Front (Question)

Haloalkane to alkene

Back (Answer)

Elimination Heat under reflux with ethanolic KOH

Front (Question)

Alkene to polyalkene

Back (Answer)

High pressure Catalyst

Front (Question)

Alkene to haloalkane

Back (Answer)

Electrophilic addition HCl, HBr Room temp

Front (Question)

Alkene to dihalogenoalkane

Back (Answer)

Electrophilic addition Cl2, Br2 Room temp

Front (Question)

Dihalogenoalkane to diol

Back (Answer)

Nucleophilic substitution Aqueous KOH Heat under reflux

#10

Front (Question)

Alcohol to alkene

Back (Answer)

conc. H2SO4 or conc. H3PO4 Elimination, dehydration

#11

Front (Question)

Alkene to alcohol

Back (Answer)

Step 1: Electrophilic addition with H2SO4 Step 2: H2O warm hydrolysis

#12

Front (Question)

partial oxidation of primary alcohol

Back (Answer)

acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution heat and distill aldehyde forms

#13

Front (Question)

complete oxidation of primary alcohol

Back (Answer)

acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution heat under reflux carboxylic acid forms

#14

Front (Question)

oxidation of secondary alcohol

Back (Answer)

heat with acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution forms ketone

#15

Front (Question)

why can’t tertiary alcohols not be oxidised

Back (Answer)

there is no H atom attached to the carbon with the -OH group

#16

Front (Question)

aldehyde to alcohol what type of alcohol forms

Back (Answer)

reduction with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) nucleophilic addition primary alcohol

#17

Front (Question)

ketone to alcohol what type of alcohol forms

Back (Answer)

reduction with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) nucleophilic addition secondary alcohol

#18

Front (Question)

alcohol to ester

Back (Answer)

carboxylic acid conc H2SO4 catalyst HCl gas used if benzene ring present

#19

Front (Question)

aldehyde to hydroxynitrile why does this form enantiomers

Back (Answer)

nucleophilic adition NaCN and H2SO4 Chiral carbon and planar C=O bond

#20

Front (Question)

Name the mechanism and reagent for ketone to hydroxynitrile when/why would this form enantiomers?

Back (Answer)

nucleophilic addition KCN If the ketone is asymmetrical, the C=O bond is planar and can be attacked by the nucleophile from either side

#21

Front (Question)

carboxylic acid to ester

Back (Answer)

heat with alcohol in the presence of H2SO4 catalyst Esterification

#22

Front (Question)

Acyl chloride/acid anhydride to ester

Back (Answer)

alcohol room temp nucleophilic addition-elimination

#23

Front (Question)

Acyl chloride/acid anhydride to carboxylic acid

Back (Answer)

H2O room temp nucleophilic addition-elimination

#24

Front (Question)

Acyl chloride/acid anhydride to secondary amide

Back (Answer)

primary amine room temp nucleophilic addition-elimination