Test 2 Study Guide
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When did plants begin the transition to land
425 million years ago
What do plant chloroplasts contain?
chlorophyll a & b, and a variety of yellow and orange carotenoids
Plants store carboydrate as?
starch
Bryophytes are?
non-vascular plants
What are the four major adaptations of plants?
• evolution of vascular tissue • diversification of vascular plants when spore production became means of reproduction • origin of seed producing plants 360 million years ago • evolution of flowering plants 130 million years ago
Vocab- Plant tissues that consists of cells that transport water and nutrients through the plant body. Two major types are xylem and phloem
vascular tissue
Vocab- Vascular tissue carrying water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant
xylem
Vocab- Vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic nutrients throughout the plant
phloem
Vocab- The gametophyte stage of mosses consisting of a male antheridium and a female archegonium
gametangium
Vocab- multicelluar, diploid stage of the life cycle through meiosis produces haploid gametes that becoming the gametophyte
sporophyte
In unpredictable enviroments, what type of reproduction is generally favored?
sexual reproduction
What is the only group of non vascular plants in the pant kingdom?
bryophytes
What makes up the bryophytes?
mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
What is the group(s) in the plant kingdom that are gametophyte dominate?
bryophytes
What is the group(s) in the plant kingdom that reproduce via spores?
bryophytes and pteridophyta (ferns)
What are mosses thought to have evolved from?
algae
What is called ‘club moss’ but is actually a relative of ferns as opposed to moss?
lycopodium
Why are bryophytes normally found in moist enviroments?
it has to do with their method of reproduction (via water)
To what group does tortula belong in, and where is it found? Why is this odd?
It is a bryophyte but is found in the central mexico desert
Bryophytes are the transition between?
algae and vascular plants
Protonemata resembles?
green algae
What are some of the differences that Bryophytes and plants share from algae?
Male and female gametum Retention of zygotes and embryo within archegonium multicellular sporangium spores that resist drying or decaying Presence of multicellular, diploid sporophyte Tissues produced from apical meristems
What is haploid on the Marchantia?
the green leafy head
What are Gemmae cups?
asexual way of reproducing -if part of the cup breaks off they will begin to grow a new liverwort