Lecture 12: Bonding
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structure of matter
how atoms are arranged spatially
chemical bonding
electrostatic attraction holding two atoms close together
as two H atoms come together they… (energy)
minimize energy
lower energy state is more or less stable
more stable
when a chemical bond is broken energy is
required
ionic
transfer of electrons
covalent
valence electrons shared between atoms
EN
ability of at atom to pull electrons toward itself
EN of ionic bonds
greater than 2
covalent EN is
less than 2
ionic is what bonded with what
metals with nonmetals
covalent is what bonded with what
nonmetals with nonmetals
lattice energy is
energy required to break apart the lattice
down the group the lattice energy…
decreases due to increasing ionic radius
nonpolar bond EN is
less than .4
polar covalent bonds EN is
.4-2
bond dipole is the
separation of electrical charge
dipole moment quantifies
the extent of charge separation
polar molecule
the molecule has a net dipole moment
requirement for polar molecule
asymmetric distribution of charge
which has a bigger affect on lattice energy, charge or size?
charge