HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGY

which existed on earth billion years ago over this time they evolved from microscopic forms.  They vary from appearance  ability to carry out different biochemical transformations  ability to grow in a wide different environment, and interactions in different microorganism and different forms of life.  One important ability is to quickly change their properties and adapt to changing environment

acquired from infected individuals  kill infected individual

lack of fuel  Undercooked pork spreads the parasite  ban eating of pork

After you eat trichinella larvae, they mature into adult worms in your intestine. The adults then produce larvae that migrate through various tissues, including muscle tissue.

FIRST OBSERVATIONS Robert Hooke: ____ Leeuwenhoek: ____

First report of cell structure 1665  ‘Little boxes’ in cork : CELL

First person to see bacteria  Pioneer of microscopy  Single lens microscope  1647

Beautifully crafted but had severe chromatic distortion

____ and his father _____ started experimenting with these lenses.

any damp body gives rise to living things  Miasma

Living organisms could arise from non living matter  crocodiles from mud

small animals only  maggots from meat  mice from feed

Italian poet physician 1668  Tested hypothesis of Spontaneous Generation  Meat in jars  three jars open to air> maggots  three jars sealed >no maggots  three jars fine net>no maggots  Concluded spontaneous generation did not still occur

WHO Confirmed the experiments of Redi & Schwann

Added 20 years to the lifespan of every man woman and  improved the quality of life  Germ theory  Fermentation  Pasteurization  Rabies vaccine

WHAT ARE THE GOLDEN AGE OF MICROBIOLOGY

Vintners thought sugar chemically converted to alcohol in  Pasteur, a chemist, was asked to help  Discovered  Yeast convert sugars to alcohol  Bacteria change alcohol to vinegar  _____ was biological process

Pasteur connected food spoilage and microbes  ____ : Destroy microbes that cause spoilage by  Beer, wine, milk  Critical to development of Germ theory

Irish priest 1745  Said microbes spontaneously generated  Evidence  Heated chicken soup  poured into flasks  covered flasks  microbes appeared

Italian Monk 1765  Said Needham’s broths contaminated after heating  Evidence  chicken soup poured into flasks  covered flasks  then heated soup  microbes DID NOT appear

Concept proposed by RODULF VIRCHOW  German Scientist 1858  Virchow had No Evidence

All organisms composed of one or more cells  Cells are smallest living things  Cells arise only from previously existing cells  Thus: all organisms are descendents of the first cells

Cell theory  Basic unit of life  1835 – digestive process - hydrochloric acid  1836 – Pepsin  Role of microbes in alcohol fermentation Pouchet argued that “Life Force” destroyed

Causal relationship between microbes and disease  Disinfection controls surgical infection  Microbes cause disease