Study Material for Mar 4 Quiz
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What are carnivores?
Animals that feed on other animal tissue
What are omnivores?
Animals that feed on both animal tissue and plants
What are herbivores?
Animals that feed on plants
What are the four functions of a pig’s mouth?
Prehension, ensalivation, mastication, and bolus formation
What is prehension?
Grasping and bringing in food
What is ensalivation?
Mixing food with saliva
What is mastication?
Grinding or pulverizing food
What is bolus formation?
Rolling food into a ball with the tongue and pushing to towards the back of the mouth
What is the structure of the pharynx?
A four-branch structure with the nose and trachea on one diagonal and the mouth and esophagus on the other diagonal
What are the two types of swallowing, with an example?
• Voluntary - taking medications 2. Reflex - swallowing food
What is the esophagus?
Muscular structure that connects the pharynx to the stomach
When does the pharynx open?
When dealing with food or air
What is the pH of the pig’s stomach?
3 to 4
What are the functions of the pig’s stomach?
• Store material • Secrete substances • Mix food • Move chyme from stomach to rest of digestive system
What is chyme?
Partially digested food
What are the four zones of a pig’s stomach?
Esophageal, fundic, cardiac, and pyloric
What is secreted in the fundic zone of the pig’s stomach?
Acid secretions
What is secreted in the cardiac zone of the pig’s stomach?
Mucous secretions
What secretions are produced in the stomach?
Mucous, HCl, lipase, rennin, and pepsinogen
What type of enzyme is pepsinogen?
A zymogen, or inactive form of an enzyme
What is gastrin?
A hormone produced by the pyloric region of the stomach that targets the stomach to produce more secretions
Why is gastrin production an endocrine function?
The gastrin must be picked up by the bloodstream and transported back to the other zones of the stomach
What are the flow regulation phases of gastric fluid?
• Cephalic phase • Gastric phase • Intestinal phase
What is the cephalic phase?
A nerve impulse that prepares the stomach for incoming food