Genetics
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Genetics definition
The scientific study of heredity
Heredity definition
The transmission of trait from one generation to the next.
Who was the first person to analyze patterns of inheritance?
G. Mendel
Why did G Mendel study garden peas?
They were easy to grow Came in many varieties Easily manipulated Can self Fertilize Readily available
Importance of G. Mendel studying peas?
Deduced fundamentals of genetics
Monohybrid Cross definition
A cross between purebred parent plants that differ in only one character/trait
What are Hybrids?
The offspring of two different purebred varieties
Parental plants are the ___ generation
P
Parents hybrid offsprings are the ____ offsprings
F1
Across of the F1 plants form the ____ generation
F2
Phenotype definition
An organism’s physical appearance
Genotype definition
An organisms genetic makeup
Mendel developed how many hypotheses from the monohybrid cross
4 Hypotheses
Mendel Hypotheses from Monohybrid Cross (1)
The alternative version of genes are called alleles
Mendel Hypotheses from Monohybrid Cross (2)
For each inherited character, organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent. Can be Homozygous or Heterozygous
Homozygous definition
An organism is homozygous for that gene if both alleles are identical
Heterozygous Definition
AN organism is heterozygous for that gene if the alleles are different
Mendel Hypotheses from Monohybrid Cross (3)
If two alleles of inherited pair differ, • ) one determines organism’s appearance and is called dominant allele • ) Not relevant, is called recessive allele.
Mendel Hypotheses from Monohybrid Cross (4)
Each organism contains two alleles for each trait and the alleles segregate (separate_ during the formation of gametes. This is called the Law of Segregation
Gene Locus definition
A specific location of a gene along a chromosome
Can they have multiple alleles of a gene at the same locus?
Yes, Homologous chromosomes have alleles of a gene at the same locus
What does a genotype of PP get you?
Homozygous for the dominant allele
What does a genotype of aa get you?
Homozygous for the recessive allele
What does a geotype of Bb get you?
Heterozygous, with one dominant and one recessive allele