Electronegativity Test
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what properties can categorize substances?
conductivity and dissolving
a substance that does dissolve in water
soluble
substance that does not dissolve in water
insoluble
conductivity
a property that describes how well a substance transmits electricity, heat, or sound
what does electrical conductivity require?
the movement of charge as ions or electrons
in the body how does electricity move?
as ions, not as electrons
how can conductivity be tested?
by setting up an electrical circuit. the wires connect to a battery, the substance, and a light bulb, if the light bulb turns on, it is conductive
substance that dissolves and conducts
Ionic, metal and nonmetal atoms
substance that dissolves and doesn’t conduct
molecular covalent, nonmetal atoms only (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen)
substance that doesn’t dissolve and conducts
metallic, metal atoms only
substance that doesn’t dissolve and doesn’t conduct
network covalent, nonmetal atoms only
only substances that contain___ atoms will conduct electricity
Metal
substances made entirely out of ___ atoms will not dissolve in water
Metal
Many ___ compounds dissolve in water
Ionic
what is a chemical bond?
the bond that hold atoms together, is the attraction of positive charges in the nucleus and negative charges in the electrons of another atom
Ionic bonding
• Dissolve in water • conduct when dissolved • tend to be brittle solids • made of metal and non metals
Molecular Covalent Bonding
• Some dissolve in water • do no conduct • some are liquids or gases • made entirely of non metal atoms
Metallic Bonding
• Don’t dissolve • conducts • bendable/ malleable solids • made entirely of metal atoms
Network Covalent
• Do not dissolve in water • Do not conduct electricity • Extremely hard solids • Made entirely of non metal atoms
Covalent Bonding
• the nucleus of one atom is attracted to the valence electrons of another atom. • one atom doesn’t transfer an electron to the other. both atoms share the valence electron.
in molecular covalent, what do the atoms bond into
forms into individual clusters called molecules
in network covalent bonding, how are the valence electrons shared
valence electrons are shared between atoms, but form a highly regular extended network, creating a very durable structure
in metallic bonding, the electrons are ___
• distributed around the substance in what is called a sea of electrons. • the valence electrons are free to move throughout the substance. • they are bonded by the attraction between positively charged atoms and negatively charged “sea” of electrons.
what does conduction require?
the movement of a charged particle (ion or electron)