Ch 4/11: Bacterial Sex
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What is horizontal gene transfer
non-sexual movement of genetic information between genomes
What is vertical gene transfer
the transfer of genetic material is from parents to offspring
What is the shape of DNA is most bacteria
circular
What components of DNA in bacteria
• bidirectional replication • replication fork
How many origins in the DNA are there in bacteria
single
What happens at the replication fork in bacterial dna
DNA is unwound
What is the replicon in bacterial DNA
the entire region of DNA that is independently replicated from a single origin of replication
What is the shape of the DNA in archaea
circular
How many origins does archaea have in DNA
more than one (possible)
What is the pattern of chromosome in eukaryotes
linear
How many replication forks can eukaryotes have
many
What is the typical shape of bacterial chromosome
circular
How many chromosomes can bacteria have
one typically.
Example of bacteria that have more than 1 chromosomes
Cholera-causing bacteria has 2
Does bacteria have a nucleus
no
what do bacteria have instead of a nucleus
Nuclear region or nucleoid
what long is the bacterial chromosome
1mm
What type of twisting happens in bacterial DNA
supercoiled
what are plasmids
small, extrachromosomal DNA molecules, autonomously replicating.
How many different plasmids can bacterial cells carry
several different, with few to many copies
what is the effect of gene transfer among bacteria
spreads useful genes among bacteria
what types of useful genes does gene transfer spread
1.antibiotic resistant genes 2. pathogenicity islands 3. genes to degrade special metabolites (?)
Where do antibiotic resistance genes spread
wherever antibiotics are overused. Eg, hospitals and farms
Why do pathogenicity islands encode genes
for the cell to act as pathogen