Biometrics, Fingerprints and Identification
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what is biological data ?
fingerprints, eye scans, body measurements, facial patterns, voice patterns
who carried out and when the first biometrics ?
Bertilon 1882 - body measurements
when did fingerprints develop of ancestors ?
100million years ago
what are the 3 functions of fingerprint patterns ?
extrusion of perspiration tactile facility provision of gripping surface
what are the 3 core principles for the use of fingerprints in a forensic investigation ?
formed before birth persistent through life details are unique
what happened in 1880?
Henry Faulds stated fingermarks and impressions may lead to scientific identification of criminals
when did the first dinger print office open and by who?
1893 by Ivan Vucetich
where was the first finger print office?
Argentina
when did Scotland Yard introduced fingerprint identification?
1901
how many fingerprint cards where there in the FBI by 1924?
810,000
in 2005 how many fingerprints do the FBI have on record?
50,000,000
what are class characteristics of finger prints?
pattern by position of friction ridges
what are the 3 main 1st level details?
Arch Loop Whirl
what the most common patterns ?
Loops
what features does a loop have?
1 delta a core at least one recurving ridge between delta and core
what is a radial loop?
when the end points towards the thumb
what is it called then the end of a loop points towards the little finger?
Ulnar loop
Whats the percentage of Arch prints?
5%
what are the two types of arch prints?
plain and tented
what stew percentage of whorls?
35%
what are the 4 different types of whorls?
pain whorl, central pocket whorl, twin loop whorl accidental whorl.
what’s a 2nd level detail?
ridges
what are the types fo ridges?
ride endings, bifurcation, lakes, independent ridges , dot of island, spur and crossover
what’s 3rd level detail ?
sweat pores and the shape of the friction ridges