Antibodies, T cells and B cells
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What does the specific immune response rely on?
T and B lymphocytes
How is the specific immune response triggered?
A non-self antigen such as a surface glycoproteins toxin released by antigen
What are the steps of specific immune response?
Antigen presentation, clinical selection, clinical expansion and antibody production with killing of infected cells
What produces antibodies?
B plasma cells
What kills infected cells?
T killer cells
Where do B cells mature?
In long bone marrow
What type of response is B cells?
Hum oral response
What are the stages of B cells?
• Clinical selection of compatible B cell. • Activated colonial expansion (mitosis) • B plasma cells make antibodies (differentiation) • B memory cell can make more plasma cell quickly
Where do T cells mature?
In the thymus
What type of response is T cells?
Cell mediated response
What are the stages of the T cells response?
• Clonal selection of T-helper cell • Activated clonal expansion (mitosis) • T killer kills infected cells (differentiate) • T memory stronger response in refinfected
What is the primary immune response?
It takes a few days to reach peak and antibody levels fall as infection is dealt with but antibodies don’t remain in blood
What is the secondary immune response?
If a secondary reinfecting occurs, the immune system makes many more antibodies faster
How do antigens stimulate an immune response?
Causes formation of antibodies as is recognised by the immune system as foreign to the body
What are the types of immunity?
Active and passive
What is active immunity?
Antigens enter body
What are the types of active and passive immunity?
Natural and artificial
What is natural active immunity?
Infection by pathogen
What is artificial active immunity?
Vaccination of weakened attenuated pathogen or antigen fragments
What is passive immunity?
Antibodies from another source
What is natural passive immunity?
Antibodies cross placenta during pregnancy
What is artificial passive immunity?
Antibodies injected giving instant immunity
What are autoimmune disease?
They cause cells to attack body and antibodies begin attaching to body tissues
What are examples of autoimmune disease?
Eczema, psoriasis, asthma, arthritis and multiple sclerosis