Biology
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DNA
The molecule that carries the genetic instructions
Chromosome
A thread like structure that contains long lengths of DNA that hold many genes
Gene
Short sections of DNA that code for a specific trait/characteristic/protein
Allele
Different variants of the same gene
What shape does DNA take?
Double Helix
T
Thymine
A
Adenine
C
Cytosine
G
Guanine
What Nitrogenous bases always bond with each other
Thymine and Adenine Cytosine and Guanine
The nucleotide consists of
Phosphate group, Pentose sugar, Nitrogenous base.
What are the nitrogenous bases joined by
A weak hydrogen bond
How does DNA determine our traits
DNA is made up of billions of repeating units in the double helix. The sequence of these units is what codes for our traits.
what represents the circle in the nucleotide
phosphate group
what represents the pentagon in the nucleotide
pentose/Deoxyribose sugar
The base sequence of a gene is read in
3 base units that correspond to a specific ammino acid
nucleotide
molecules made up of repeating units
2 forms of singular chromosomes are
one length, conjoined length
homologous pairs
chromosomes that have the same genes and length (one received from female parent and on from male parent)
triplet
A gene that is made up of 3 alleles to code for a trait.
genetic variation
the differences in DNA among many individuals or the differences between populations among the same species
continuous variation
where there is a range of possible expressions of a trait that vary between 2 extremes eg: hair colour or height
discontinuous variation
where traits can only be expressed as one of a defined/discrete number of categories or types eg: blood type or gender.
sequence of genetic code
base > Triplet > Amino acid which is folded to > protein