Endocrine system L4
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (16)
Where is the pancreas located and what does it do?
Located between kidneys and duodenum - provides digestive juices and endocrine functions
What happens when the Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans secrete: Insulin (from beta cells)?
Lowers the blood glucose level by making cells more permeable to glucose
What happens when the Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans secrete: Glucagon (from alpha cells)?
Increases the blood glucose level by causing conversion of glycogen to glucose
Why is hormone regulation important?
Blood glucose levels must stay within a narrow range to maintain homeostasis
What is diabetes mellitus and what causes it?
• Most common illness due to hormonal imbalance • Due to failure of pancreas to produce insulin or inability of body cells to take it up • Hyperglycemia symptoms develop - glucose appears in urine
What is the glucose tolerance test?
Glucose appears in urine when level exceeds 190 mg/100 ml (i.e. renal threshold)
What is type I diabetes?
(congenital) – pancreas does not produce insulin - insulin dependent • Both types lead to long-term serious complications
What is type II diabetes?
Type II (acquired) – body cells do not respond to insulin and/or damaged pancreas does not produce enough- insulin independent
What is treatment for Type I diabetes?
Treated with insulin injections and rigid blood monitoring (cannot be taken orally)
What do type I diabetics need to monitor?
• Must monitor both hypoglycemia (need glucagon or glucose) and hyperglycemia (need insulin) • Research: islet transplants, gene therapy, gene mapping
What causes type II diabetes?
Usually result of poor diet and lifestyle - body cells become resistant to insulin
What is gestational diabetes?
(during pregnancy) – mother develops symptoms - infant at greater risk for type II later in life
What is the treatment for type II diabetes?
Does not require insulin injections -symptoms treated by exercise, diet & sometimes sulfonamides
What are 5 symptoms of type I & II diabetes?
• fatigue (not enough glucose inside cells - must use fat & protein) • excessive thirst & urination (glucose in urine pulls out water by osmosis) • increased appetite (& weight loss – type I) • increased susceptibility to infection • foot ulcers (due to poor circulation)
Does diabetes insipidous have anything to do with the pancreas?
Has nothing to do with pancreas! • Tumour or injury causes decrease in ADH secretion or response to ADH - causing frequent urination (up to 30 L per day) • Treat with ADH nasal spray
Review the gonads feedback loops
Testes and ovaries