3.5 - Alcohols
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Why is a compromise temperature of 35°C used in fermentation?
Greater than 40°C denatures Yeast
Raw Material: Hydration of Ethene
Crude Oil finite
Three uses of Ethanol?
Alcohol Drinks Solvent Feedstock for Chemical processes (reactant)
What are the functional Group isomers of alcohols?
Ethers C-O-C
Define: Biofuel
Fuel derived/produced from Recently living, Renewable Biological sources
Why is using Biofuels not completely Carbon Neutral?
Fossil fuels burned to power machinery: |> Make fertilisers |> Harvest crops |> Refine fuel |> Transport fuel Produces CO₂
What provides H⁺ in the Elimination of Alcohols?
Acid Catalyst H₂SO₄
Type of Process: Hydration of Ethene
Addition
Reagents for Fermentation?
Sugar Crop (glucose) Yeast
Conditions for Fermentation?
Aqueous Anaerobic
Raw Material: Fermentation
Sugar Crops renewable
How can Alcohols be prepared from Alkenes?
Hydration
3 Disadvantages of using Crops to produce Fuels?
|> Land used to grow crops for fuel can’t be used to grow food |> Fertilisers added to soil put algae into rivers |> Deforestation to create land for crops to grow
Atom economy: Fermentation
51.1%
Use of long chain Alcohols?
Soap
What is a tertiary alcohol?
Alcohol where connected Carbon is connected to 3 other Carbons
Define: Structural isomers
Compounds w/ same molecular formula but a different Structural formula
How is an Alcohol named in terms of Position of O-H?
Alcohol no. must be lowest possible
In Hydration of Alkenes, what is the role of H₃PO₄?
Acid Catalyst Provides H⁺ ions
Energy requirements: Hydration of Ethene
High
Quality of Product: Hydration of Ethene
100% Pure
Rate of Reaction: Hydration of Ethene
Fast
Functional Group of Alcohols?
C-OH
Define: Chain isomers
Isomers w/ same molecular formula but different Carbon chain arrangement