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Theory
A formal statement of the rules on which a subject of study is based or of ideas that are suggested to explain a fact or event or, more generally, an opinion or explanation
Observation
The act of observing something or someone with your senses
Science
(knowledge from) The careful study of the structure and behavior of the physical world, especially by watching, measuring, and doing experiments, and the development of theories to describe the results of these activities
Inference
A guess that you make or an opinion that you form based on the information that you have
Variable
A number, amount, or situation that can change
Primary Data
Information that you collect yourself, rather than get from somewhere else
Secondary Data
Data that is publicly available, rather than data that an organization collects for itself
Hypothesis
An idea or explanation for something that is based on known facts but has not yet been proved
Controlled Experiment
A scientific test that is directly manipulated by a scientist, in order to test a single variable at a time.
Control Group
A group separated from the rest of the experiment, where the independent variable being tested cannot influence the results.
Peer Review
The process of someone reading, checking, and giving his or her opinion about something that has been written by another scientist or expert working in the same subject area, or a piece of work in which this is done
Bias
The fact of preferring a particular subject or thin
Independent Variable
The variable that is being manipulates or changes
Dependent Variable
The variable being tested in the scientific experiment, that changes according to the Independent Variable.
Valid
Based on truth or reason; able to be accepted
Result
Something that happens or exists because of something else
Conclusion
The final part of something
Moral
Relating to the standards of good or bad behaviour, fairness, honesty, etc. that each person believes in, rather than to laws
What are the steps to the Scientific Method?
• Observe • Ask Question • Research • Hypothesis • Experiment • Record Data • Conclusion
What is the purpose of Peer Review?
Peer review is intended to serve two primary purposes. Firstly, it acts as a filter to ensure that only high quality research is published, especially in reputable journals, by determining the validity, significance and originality of the study. Secondly, peer review is intended to improve the quality of manuscripts that are deemed suitable for reputable journals.
What is the difference between Observation and Inference?
An Observation is something that you observe with your 5 senses, and an inference is a logical idea about that observation.
How is the Control Group different?
The Control Group has nothing changed about it while all other groups are changed in some way.
How do you improve Validity?
You can increase the validity of an experiment by controlling more variables, improving measurement technique, increasing randomization to reduce sample bias, blinding the experiment, or adding control/placebo groups