Lecture 7

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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Front (Question)

Carbohydrates

Back (Answer)

contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Contain a carbonyl group and several hydroxyl groups

Front (Question)

What is the general formular for Carbohydrates?

Back (Answer)

Cx(H2O)y

Front (Question)

D-glucose

Back (Answer)

seen in nature rotates plane polarized light clockwise

Front (Question)

L-Glucose

Back (Answer)

mirror opposite of D-Glucose manufactured in a lab setting rotates plane polarized light counter-clockwise

Front (Question)

The OH group of D and L-glucose determines what?

Back (Answer)

determines the “handedness” of both forms

Front (Question)

Monosaccharides

Back (Answer)

Simplest of carbohydrates or sugars, Cannot be hydrolyzed any further made up of three to seven carbons can exist as a linear chain or as ring-shaped molecules

Front (Question)

What are the common Monosaccharides?

Back (Answer)

Glucose, Galactose, and Fructose are monosaccharide isomers

Front (Question)

What differs the monosaccharide isomers?

Back (Answer)

same chemical formula but differ structurally and chemically

Front (Question)

Glucose

Back (Answer)

popular monosaccharide used in the body as a source of energy

#10

Front (Question)

How much glucose is in blood?

Back (Answer)

4 g of Glucose

#11

Front (Question)

How much glucose does the brain absorb?

Back (Answer)

120 g glucose daily ~ 60% - 70%, is used to power transport mechanisms that maintain the Na+-K+ membrane potential required for the transmission of the nerve impulses

#12

Front (Question)

Monosaccharide locations

Back (Answer)

D-Glucose = Blood sugar D-Galactose = Milk sugar (part of lactose) D-Fructose = Fruit sugar

#13

Front (Question)

What else is considered a monosaccharide?

Back (Answer)

DNA and RNA

#14

Front (Question)

Disaccharides

Back (Answer)

Comprised of 2 monosaccharides Broken down by hydrolysis reactions

#15

Front (Question)

Disaccharide types

Back (Answer)

Maltose + H2O -> 2 glucose Lactose + H2O -> glucose + galactose Sucrose + H2O -> glucose + fructose

#16

Front (Question)

Polysaccharides

Back (Answer)

3 or more monosaccharides

#17

Front (Question)

What are the Polysaccharide linkages?

Back (Answer)

Alpha: digestible by humans, found in most carbohydrates Beta: not digestible by humans, fiber

#18

Front (Question)

Starch

Back (Answer)

glucose units bound by Alpha linkages

#19

Front (Question)

Cellulose

Back (Answer)

○ of glucose units bound by Beta linkages Corn is a good example

#20

Front (Question)

What must happen to Polysaccharides before it is absorbed?

Back (Answer)

must be hydrolyzed to monosaccharides

#21

Front (Question)

What catalyzes the hydrolysis reaction of Polysaccharides?

Back (Answer)

Amylases in the mouth and stomach

#22

Front (Question)

What happens to fructose and galactose during absorption?

Back (Answer)

Both are converted into glucose

#23

Front (Question)

Where are carbohydrates stored?

Back (Answer)

Stored as glycogen in liver and muscles

#24

Front (Question)

What is glycogen?

Back (Answer)

highly branched polysaccharide of glucose