Unit 2

The number of different species in an area

the variety of genes within a given species

Variety of different kinds of organisms that make up a community.

the different kinds of habitats in a given unit area

the number of different species in a community

the relative proportion of different species in a given area

the reduction in genomic variability that occurs when a small group of individuals becomes separated from a larger population.

an event that drastically reduces the size of a population.

Species with a broad ecological niche. They can live in many different places, eat a variety of foods, and tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions. Examples are flies, cockroaches, mice, rats, and human beings. Compare specialist species.

Species with a narrow ecological niche. They may be able to live in only one type of habitat, tolerate only a narrow range of climatic and other environmental conditions, or use only one type or a few types of food.

Goods taken directly from ecosystems or made from nat. resources (wood, paper, food)

Nat. ecosystems regulate climate/air quality, reducing storm damage and healthcare costs (helps climate/lessens ecosystem damage) ex: flood control, decomposition

ecosystems provide cultural or aesthetic benefits to many people ex: recreation and tourism, camp grounds

Nat. ecosystems support processes we do ourselves, making them cheaper and easier (bees pollinate crops which saves us time and $).

Anthropogenic activities are human activities that have an impact on the environment, such as deforestation, pollution, and the burning of fossil fuels.

• proposes that the number of species found on an undisturbed island is determined by immigration and extinction • Distance from the mainland: closer island, higher immigration • Size of the island: small islands have fewer species than large islands and smaller targets for immigration…higher extinction because fewer resources and diversity

Species that is found in only one area. Such species are especially in danger to extinction.

the range of conditions, such as temperature, salinity, flow rate, and sunlight that an organism can endure before injury or death results

The range refers to the range of environmental conditions within which an organism can survive and reproduce.

A measure of how hot or cold something is.

the amount of salt in water

The speed at which a fluid flows from one point to another

A volcanic eruption is when molten rock, ash, and gas are expelled from a volcano. The type of eruption depends on factors such as the viscosity of the magma and the type of volcano. Eruptions can have both negative and positive impacts on the environment and human health.

A flood is when water overflows its normal boundaries and covers land that is usually dry. Floods can occur due to various reasons such as heavy rainfall or coastal storms. Floods can have both negative and positive impacts on the environment and human health, from property damage to replenishing soil moisture.