Test #2

prop root structure that supports the tall, top-heavy trees

By projecting over the water’s surface, these root structures enable the root system to obtain oxygen, which is lacking in the thick, waterlogged mud that they live in

structures that store food and water in their roots

these snake like root structures gradually wrap around the host tree and other objects, eventually causing death of the host tree by shading by the fig leaves.

structures that give architectural support to the trunks of tall shallow trees

tendency for growth to be concentrated at the tip of a plant shoot, because the apical bud partially inhibits axillary bud growth

a horizontal shoot that grows just below the surface; vertical shoots emerge from axillary buds for support

vertical underground shoots consisting mostly of the enlarged bases of leaves that store food (storage leaves

horizontal shoots that grow along the surface of the ground; these runners enable a plant to reproduce asexually, as plantlets form at nodes along each runner

enlarged ends of rhizomes or stolons specialized for storing food

modified leaves/stems that form coils for physical support

spiky leaves that serve the purpose of protection/self defense

leaves adapted for storing water

leaves that produce adventitious plantlets which fall off the leaf and take root in the soil

modified leaves that are brightly colored to attract pollinators

What are the 3 types of plant tissue?

tissue that serves as an outer protective covering; includes epidermis (non-woody plants; single layer of cells) and periderm (woody plants; multi-layered cells); forms the first line of defense against physical damage and pathogens

tissue that carries out long distance transport of materials between the root and shoot systems; includes xylem (internal) and phloem (external)

tissue that is responsible for most of the plant’s metabolic functions; includes various cells specialized for functions such as storage, photosynthesis, and support; includes pith and cortex

What are the 5 types of plant cells?

general plant cells; thin cell wall; lack secondary walls; least specialized; most metabolic functions; common in ground tissues; ex. Elodea

cells with a thicker, uneven primary cell wall; support; ex. Helianthus

cells with thick secondary walls (lignin); two types (sclereids and fibers); support; ex. pear and ash tree

tubular, elongated cells that are dead at functional maturity; includes vessel elements and tracheids; support