Exam 2
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What does congress often decide?
who gets what and has the power to alter many of the rules (or how) that determines who wins and loses
How did the framers decided the speed of congress?
designed to produce slow, carefully made law making decisions; a constitutional safe guard of check and balances
Representation
the efforts of elected officials to look out for the interests of those who elect them
National Lawmaking
the creation of policy to address the problems and needs of the entire nation
Who does congress typically favor?
congress typically favors their representative roles (because that is how they get re-elected) and national problems go unaddressed
Partisanship
loyalty to a political party or cause
Constituency
the voters in a state or district
What are the four types of representation?
policy representation, allocative representation, casework, and symbolic representation
Policy Representation
congressional work to advance the issues and ideological preferences of constituents
Allocative Representation
congressional work to secure projects, services, and funds for the represented district
Casework
legislative work on behalf of individual constituents to solve their problems with government agencies and programs
Symbolic Representation
efforts of members of congress to stand for American ideals or identity with common constituency values
Pork Barrel
public works projects and grants for specific districts paid for by general revenues
Collective Responsibility
congress should be responsible for the effectiveness of its laws and in solving national problems
Hyperpartisanship
a commitment to party so strong that it can transcend other commitments
Polarization
greater ideological (liber vs. conservative) differences between the parties and increase ideologial consensus within the parties
Bipartisanship
working with members of the opposite party; increasingly rare
Why does the House need for rules/hierarchy?
the house has 435 members while the senate has 100
Where are budget bills initiated?
in the House
What are some of the constitutional powers of congress?
raise and spend money for national gov., provide for economic infrastructure, foreign policy, declare war, ratify treaties, raise and support armed forces
Congress can pass bills but they do not become law unless…
1) president signs them or refrains from vetoing them 2) both houses of congress have 2/3 majority to override a presidential veto
Congressional Oversight
efforts by congress, especially through committees to monitor agency rule making, enforcement, and implementation of congressional policy
Reapportionment
a reallocation of congressional seats among the state every 10 years following the census
Redistricting
the process of dividing state in legislative districts