Exam 1 Weeks 1-4
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pertains to individuals who have blood glucose levels between normal and diabetic, that is, between 100 and 125 mg/dl when fasting
pre-diabetes
between 140 and 190 mg/dl when measured 2 hours after ingesting a 75-gram glucose load
pre-diabetes
Hba1c levels between 5.7 and 6.4 %
pre-diabetes
people who are at increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease
people who are usually asymptomatic
pre diabetes currently estimated to affect
• approximately 35% of adults in the U.S. • 23 of adolescents age 12-19 • Especially prevalent among those who are overweight or obese
the condition in which glucose levels are higher than normal (fasting plasma glucose between 100 but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes
definition of pre-diabetes
the type of diabetes characterized by absolute insulin deficiency that usually results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
definition of T1DM (Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus)
accounts for about 5 to 10% of diabetes cases
T1DM (Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus)
usually caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells which produce and secrete insulin
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)
by the time symptoms develop, the damage to the beta cells has progressed so far that insulin must be supplied exogenously, most by injection
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)
what are the symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus
Frequent urination (polyuria) Dehydration, dry mouth Increased thirst (polydipsia) Weight loss Increased hunger (polyphagia) Blurred vision Increased infections Fatigue
a test that evaluates a person’s ability to tolerate an oral glucose load
oral glucose tolerance test
hemoglobin that has nonenzymatically attached to glucose; the level of HbA1c in blood helps to diagnose diabetes and evaluate long-term glyemic control
glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
also called glycosylated hemoglobin
glycated hemoglobin
an immune response directed against the body’s own tissues
autoimmune
refers to the concentration of osmotically active particles in solution
osmolarity