1.6 Chemical Equilibria
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Key features of a dynamic equilibrium
• Rate of forwards reaction = rate of backwards reaction • Concentration of reactants and products is constant
If an equilibrium lies to the left, what has a higher concentration at equilibrium? Reactants OR products
Reactants
If an equilibrium lies to the right, what has a higher concentration at equilibrium? Reactants OR products
Products
Le Chatelier’s Principle
If a closed system in dynamic equilibrium is subjected to a change, the position of equilibrium will move in the direction that opposes that change
Conditions for the Haber process
• 200atm • 400-450°C • Iron catalyst
Kc
• Equilibrium constant (in terms of concentrations) • Shows the composition of a mixture at equilibrium
Kc equation
Kc = ([P1]ᵖ¹[P2]ᵖ²) / ([R1]ʳ¹[R2]ʳ²) [R] - reactant conc [P] - product conc r and p - stoichiometric coefficients
What variable can alter Kc?
Temperature
Concentrations if: Kc «_space;1
[Reactants] > [Products] (Equilibrium to the left)
Concentrations if: Kc»_space; 1
[Products] > [Reactants] (Equilibrium to the right)