Polymers
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How to draw a repeating unit for a polyester
Take an H2O from the middle and from the ends
2 ways to form a polyester
Di-acid and Di-ol Or Di- acyl chloride and Di-ol
Polymerisation with a di-acyl chloride and a Di-ol produces what?
HCl and a polyester
How to form a polyamide
Di-acid + Di-amine
2 polymers used to form nylon-6,6
Hexanedioic acid Hexane-1,6-diamine
How do polyamides differ when formed from amino acids or from diacid - diamine
Amino acid: alternating n-h and C=O
What does Kevlar make?
Bullet proof vests
What are the monomers that produce Kevlar?
Diamino benzene Benzene-1,4-Di carboxylic acid
When making Kevlar what monomer can be used instead of benzene-1,4-di carboxylic acid?
Acyl chloride equivalent
Why can condensation polymers be broken down?
Delta positive C on C=O can be attacked by nucleophiles
Technical term for condensation polymers being broken down?
Hydrolysis
What can condensation polymers be broken down by?
An acid (eg HCl) or base (eg NaOH)
Why are condensation polymers environmentally friendly?
Can be hydrolysed by an acid or base due to delta positive C on C=O which can be attacked by nucleophiles (Therefore biodegrades)
What must always be included in a diagram of lab fractional distillation?
Fractionating column Ice bath Heat
Can bifunctional molecules form condensation polymers?
Yep
For bifunctional molecules, how do you arrange to molecule to draw the repeating unit?
Put functional groups on each end
Name 2 uses for condensation polymers Why are they a good basis for these materials?
Preparation of plastic bottles for fizzy drinks and fabrics Biodegradable (susceptible to hydrolysis)
Why are alkanes un reactive
They have only strong, non-polar C-H and C-C Not naturally broken down
How are addition polymers disposed of?
Landfill Melted down and remoulded
3 problems with burning poly(alkenes)
Produces CO2 (greenhouse gas) CO (toxic gas) Carbon (exacerbates asthma)
What are the advantages of recycling polymers?
All plastic derived from crude oil so recycling saves using this non-renewable resource and the energy needed to refine it If not recycled usually ends up in landfills
What are the disadvantages of recycling?
Plastics needed to be collected, transported and sorted which uses energy (CO2 produced) and man power (expensive)
Why are condensation polymers biodegradable?
The delta positive C of C=O can be attacked by nucleophiles
Poly(alkenes) are made from additional polymerisation. True or false?
False It is “addition” polymerisation not “additional”