Polymers
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What is the 2 types of polymerisation
Addition Condensation
Monomers within addition polymers
Unsaturated monomers
What polymers are chemically inert and non-biodegradeable?
Poly(alkenes) Non polar nature of bonds
2 common types of condensation polymers and their linkages
Polyesters and polyamides Amide or ester
Monomers within condensation polymerisation
Two different types of monomers + small byproduct
Common reactants in condensation polymers
Dicarboxylic acids and diols Dicarboxylic acids and diamines Amino acids
Repeating units in terylene
Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid Ethane-1,2-diol
Repeating units in nylon 6,6
Hexanedioic acid Hexane-1,6-diamine
Are terylene, nylon 6,6, Kevlar polyesters or polyamids?
Terylene - Polyester Nylon 6,6 - Polyamide Kevlar - Polyamid
Repeating units in Kevlar
Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid Benzene-1,4-diamine
Chemical reactivity of polyesters and polyamids
Broken down by hydrolysis and so are biodegradeable
Two types of hydrolysis
Alkaline Acidic
IMF of polyesters
Permanent dipole dipole forces between C=O groups VdW forces
IMF of polyamids
H bonds between C=O groups and N-H group VdW forces
Do polyamids or polyesters have higher melting points
Polyamides
Different methods of disposing polymers
Landfill Incineration Recycling
Evaluation of landfill
Most polymers (polyalkenes) are non-biodegradeable
Evaluation of incineration
Toxins / greenhouse gases can be released Can still generate electricity
Evaluation of recycling
Saves raw materal Long, expensive process
Give one reason why the polydiester is biodegradeable [1]
[1] Can be hydrolysed / can react with acid or base or water / can react with nucleophiles